医用生物蛋白胶在乳腺癌改良根治术中的临床应用

[目的]探讨医用生物蛋白胶在乳腺癌改良根治术中的临床应用价值.[方法]将50例乳腺癌病人随机分成两组:实验组行常规乳腺癌改良根治术,同时在手术创面应用医用生物蛋白胶;对照组只按常规行乳腺癌改良根治术;术后连续3d观察留置于胸壁皮下引流胶管负压吸引的引流量及术后总引流量、皮瓣下积液、皮瓣坏死、创面变态反应情况.[结果]术后第1天、第2天、第3天负压吸引的引流量及术后总的引流量实验组较对照组明显减少,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05).实验组发生皮瓣下积液2例,无皮瓣坏死,无创面变态反应;对照组皮瓣下积液9例,局部皮瓣坏死2例;两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]在乳腺癌改良根治术中应用医用生物蛋白胶可以有效减少术后引流量,促进手术创面的愈合,减少术后皮瓣下积液的发生,具有临床应用价值.     

AML1-ETO 真核表达载体的构建及对 U937细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的 构建pcDNA3.1-AML1-ETO真核表达载体,并观察AML1-ETO融合蛋白在U937细胞内的表达并检测其对细胞增殖与分化的影响.方法 以原核表达载体pCMV5-AML1-ETO为模板扩增AML1-ETO目的 片段,将该基因重组于pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO真核表达载体上,用脂质体转染技术将其导入 U937细胞,经G418筛选获得稳定转染的克隆,PCR检测AML1-ETO基因的整合,RT-PCR及 Western blot检测AML1-ETO mRNA和蛋白的表达,用锥虫蓝拒染人工计数法观察细胞增殖活性,流式细胞术检测髓系分化抗原表达的变化,瑞特染色法观察细胞形态改变.结果 pcDNA3.1-AML1-ETO经酶切鉴定及DNA测序证实序列完全正确,筛选出AML1-ETO基因高表达的亚克隆,证实AML1-ETO基因稳定转染到U937细胞中并得到表达;转染细胞增殖受抑(P<0.05),髓系分化抗原CD11b表达阳性率[(4.17±0.31)%]低于转染空载体和未转染对照组[(11.40±0.17)%、(11.03±0.15)%](P<0.001),形态呈低分化表现.转染细胞经TPA处理后,CD11b表达无明显变化(P>0.05).结论 成功构建pcDNA3.1-AML1-ETO表达载体,并在真核细胞中得到了正确表达,AML1-ETO 基因能抑制U937细胞的增殖与分化,为进一步研究该基因致白血病的机制奠定了基础.

Abstract：

Objective To construct a pcDNA3. 1 -AML1-ETO expression vector and investigate its effects on proliferation and differentiation of U937 leukemic cells. Methods AML1 -ETO gene was amplified by PCR from pCMV5-AML1-ETO and inserted into eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3. 1/V5-His-TOPO. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into U937 cells by Lipofectamin 2000. Individual clones selected with G418 were isolated. The integration and the expression levels of AML1-ETO in transfectants were determined by PCR, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively. Trypan blue refusal staining method was used to detect the proliferation of U937 cells. Light microscope was applied to observe the morphologic changes of the cell. The expression of myeloid cell differentiation antigen was detected using flow cytometry. Results The recombinant pcDNA3. 1-AML1-ETO was confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing. The highly expressing AML1-ETO subclone was established. AML1-ETO was expressed in U937 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 -AML1-ETO. The growth of the monoclonal cells was inhibited evidently (P < 0. 05). The expression of CD11b in transfected group [(4. 17±0. 31)%] was lower than that in empty plasmid transfected group and non-transfected group [(11.40 ± 0. 17)% and (11.03 ± 0. 15) %] respectively (P < 0.001). Transfected cells displayed morphology of less differentiation. The expression level of CD11b was unchanged in transfected cells treated with TPA (P > 0. 05). Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector for AML1ETO gene was successfully constructed and expressed in U937. AML1-ETO inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of transfected cells. It provides the basis for further study of mechanisms of AML1 -ETO in leukemogenesis.     

Skull-stripping magnetic resonance brain images using a model-based level set

The segmentation of brain tissue from nonbrain tissue in magnetic resonance (MR) images, commonly referred to as skull stripping, is an important image processing step in many neuroimage studies. A new mathematical algorithm, a model-based level set (MLS), was developed for controlling the evolution of the zero level curve that is implicitly embedded in the level set function. The evolution of the curve was controlled using two terms in the level set equation, whose values represented the forces that determined the speed of the evolving curve. The first force was derived from the mean curvature of the curve, and the second was designed to model the intensity characteristics of the cortex in MR images. The combination of these forces in a level set framework pushed or pulled the curve toward the brain surface. Quantitative evaluation of the MLS algorithm was performed by comparing the results of the MLS algorithm to those obtained using expert segmentation in 29 sets of pediatric brain MR images and 20 sets of young adult MR images. Another 48 sets of elderly adult MR images were used for qualitatively evaluating the algorithm. The MLS algorithm was also compared to two existing methods, the brain extraction tool (BET) and the brain surface extractor (BSE), using the data from the Internet brain segmentation repository (IBSR). The MLS algorithm provides robust skull-stripping results, making it a promising tool for use in large, multi-institutional, population-based neuroimaging studies.     

血清甲胎蛋白升高胰腺癌28例文献分析

目的 了解血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)升高胰腺癌患者的临床病理特征、有效治疗措施和预后.方法 检索中文数据库CNKI、万方、维普和英文数据库PUBMED、EMBASE,纳入相关临床研究或病例报道,总结其临床病理特征、预后等.结果 共纳入24篇文献报道的28例血清AFP升高的胰腺癌患者.经统计,AFP升高的胰腺癌易发生于中老年男性.大部分患者在就诊时已处于中晚期,并且肝转移率高.病理类型以腺泡细胞癌为主,但不一定符合肝样癌的病理诊断.早期患者仍以手术切除为主,中晚期采用综合治疗.病理诊断符合胰腺肝样癌的患者对治疗措施的敏感性可能与肝细胞肝癌相似.AFP是判断疗效的重要指标.目前尚无对照研究比较血清AFP升高胰腺癌与AFP正常胰腺癌肝转移发生率及生存方面的差异,但从研究的统计数据看,并未显示出更差的预后.结论 血清AFP升高胰腺癌患者的预后、有效治疗措施以及AFP异质体表达情况尚无定论,还需进一步的基础及临床研究.动态检测AFP及其异质体对这种类型胰腺癌的诊断、疗效、预后的判断有重要意义.     

Mapping the connectivity with structural equation modeling in an fMRI study of shape-from-motion task

In this fMRI study, we explore the connectivity among brain regions in a shape-from-motion task using the causal mapping analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM). An important distinction of our approach is that we have adapted SEM from its traditional role in confirmatory analysis to provide utility as an exploratory mapping technique. Our current approaches include (I) detecting brain regions that fit well in a hypothesized neural network model, and (II) identifying the best connectivity model at each brain region. We demonstrate that SEM effectively detects the dorsal and ventral visual pathways from the covariance structure in fMRI data, confirming previous neuroscience results. Further, our SEM mapping methodology found that the two pathways interact through specific cortical areas such as the superior lateral occipital cortex in the perception of shape from motion.     

消化性溃疡患者患病行为调查分析

目的了解消化性溃疡患者患病行为状况，以指导临床护理工作。方法选择消化性溃疡患者79例为溃疡组，选择健康体检人员89例为对照组。两组均使用《患病行为问卷》进行测评和比较分析。结果溃疡组患者中疑病指数（WI）〉6分占23％，患者一般疑病（GH），疾病信念（DC）、疑病指数（WI）和疾病确信（DA）因子得分高于对照组，心理取向（P／S）得分低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。情感压抑（AI）、否认心因（D）因子在不同职业消化性溃疡患者中得分差异有统计学意义，分别以农民、家庭妇女为最高；D因子得分各年龄段之间差异有统计学意义，以30～50岁患者得分最高。结论消化性溃疡患者“病感”明显，故治疗开始应尽快控制症状以诱导患者自觉接受正规的治疗方案，同时应加强心理护理和有效的护理沟通，提高患者满意度。     

Discovery and evaluation of inhibitors of human ceramidase

The ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) rheostat has been hypothesized to play a critical role in regulating tumor cell fate, with elevated levels of ceramide inducing death and elevated levels of S1P leading to survival and proliferation. Ceramidases are key enzymes that control this rheostat by hydrolyzing ceramide to produce sphingosine and may also confer resistance to drugs and radiation. Therefore, ceramidase inhibitors have excellent potential for development as new anticancer drugs. In this study, we identify a novel ceramidase inhibitor (Ceranib-1) by screening a small molecule library and describe the synthesis of a more potent analogue (Ceranib-2). In a cell-based assay, both compounds were found to inhibit cellular ceramidase activity toward an exogenous ceramide analogue, induce the accumulation of multiple ceramide species, decrease levels of sphingosine and S1P, inhibit the proliferation of cells alone and in combination with paclitaxel, and induce cell-cycle arrest and cell death. In vivo, Ceranib-2 was found to delay tumor growth in a syngeneic tumor model without hematologic suppression or overt signs of toxicity. These data support the selection of ceramidases as suitable targets for anticancer drug development and provide the first nonlipid inhibitors of human ceramidase activity.     

足细胞转分化的研究进展

足细胞是肾小球滤过屏障最外层的独特的肾小球上皮细胞,其在肾小球滤过作用的调节中扮演着重要的作用。有研究表明,当足细胞受到不同的损伤（如TGF-β、高糖、阿霉素等刺激）时可以发生上皮-间充质细胞转分化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）。EMT是指极化的上皮细胞经历许多生化的改变过程从而获得间充质细胞表型。足细胞发生EMT后将会导致肾小球滤过屏障受损,出现蛋白尿;严重时可导致足细胞从肾小球基底膜上脱离或者是凋亡,     

呈肾病综合征的乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎临床病理特点

目的:探讨呈肾病综合征(NS)的乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎(hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis,HBV-GN)的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性分析呈NS且肾穿组织内小动脉≥5条的HBV-GN患者152例的临床病理资料,光镜下观察其肾内小动脉病变,比较伴与不伴肾内小动脉病变患者的临床病理资料。结果:平均年龄26.3岁,男∶女为3.6∶1;伴高血压者36例(23.7%)、贫血52例(34.2%)、肾衰竭者33例(21.7%)、肝功能异常者20例(13.2%)。乙肝大三阳者87例(57.2%);血清和肾组织内HBV-DNA载量呈正相关(P<0.01)。病理表现以膜性肾性(MN)、系膜增生性肾炎(MsPGN)、膜增生性肾炎(MPGN)为主;未成年组与成年组MN、MPGN所占比例不同(P<0.05)。伴有肾内小动脉病变者84例(55.2%),与无肾内小动脉病变者相比,其高血压发生率较高(P<0.05),24h尿蛋白定量显著较高(P<0.01),贫血、肾间质纤维化的发生率显著较高(P<0.01)。结论:呈NS的HBV-GN患者绝大多数为HBV携带者且伴有病毒复制,病理以MN、MsPGN及MPGN为主,半数以上伴有肾内小动脉病变,伴有肾内小血管病变者高血压、贫血及肾小管间质纤维化发生率较高,蛋白尿更严重,为预后不良的病理学指标。     

磁共振胰胆管成像在胰胆管疾病的诊断中的应用探讨

探讨磁共振胰胆管成像在胰胆管疾病诊断中的临床应用价值。５４例胆管疾病病人行ＭＲＣＰ检查，同时行磁共振中规扫描。６例病人在ＭＲＣＰ检查后一周内行ＣＲＣＰ检查。１４例手术和病理证实。